词汇、句式够多样了，为什么你的托福写作还是上不了25?

在托福写作中（包括综合或者独立），对于语言准确性都是有明确的要求的。

根据官方指南，综合写作5分评分标准关于语法方面的要求：

Occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections.

4分标准：

A response is also scored at this level if it has more frequent or noticeable minor language errors, as long as such usage and grammatical structures do not result in anything more than an occasional lapse of clarity or in the connection of ideas.

可见综合写作评分要到达good（4-5），在语法上的容错还是比较低的。即便语言表述只是偶尔影响表意的清晰，如果是常见错误的话就是4分。而要达到5分，首先就是要控制错误的数量，其次不能影响表述的精准。

而这两个标准中，我们并没有看到类似独立写作中对于句法多样（syntactic variety）上的要求，所以可以我们可以得出总结，对于综合写作而言，语言的选择上应该以准确为第.一要务。

独立写作5分标准（语法相关）：

though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors.

4分标准：

though it will probably have occasional noticeable minor errors in structure, word form, or use of idiomatic language that do not interfere with meaning

从4分的标准往5分看齐，我们可以了解到一篇5分的文章，句子结构上，词形上，短语使用上的错误必然是极少的。

接下来，我们大致介绍下写作中最常出现的语法错误：句子结构上的错误。

01、Sentence fragment

句子碎片：看上去像是一个句子，但是从语法角度来说并不是。

例如：

When Jason came at noon.❌

准确形式：

When引导时间状语从句，需要从属于主句。

When Jason came at noon, he was not prepared for an interview.

Whales in the ocean.❌

句子缺乏谓语动词，不能成为独立的句子。

Whales live in the ocean.

Comparing with the price last week.❌

句子没有主语，没有谓语动词

Compared with the price last week, the current price is 20% lower.

02、Run-on sentence

把两个或者以上的独立句写在了一个句子里，没有明确的用有效的标点隔离。

例如：

The author states that buzzing should be banned, however, the professor disagrees, and challenges the arguments respectively.❌

准确形式：

However作为副词，不能连接两句独立句子。

The author states that buzzing should be banned. However, the professor disagrees, and challenges the arguments respectively.

Steve listened with puzzlement, he was not sure of which solution should be put into practice. ❌

逗号不能用于连接两个独立的句子，连词才可以。

Steve listened with puzzlement, and he was not sure of which solution should be put into practice.

或者用句号或者分号，也能在语法上达到准确。

Steve listened with puzzlement. He was not sure of which solution should be put into practice.

或者，把其中的一句改为附属结构。

Listening with puzzlement, Steve was not sure of which solution should be put into practice.