新课教育合作学校
课程简介
EYFS Introduction 幼儿园介绍
Early Years Foundation Stage/EYFS (Pre-Nursery & Nursery & Reception, Age 2-5)
幼儿教育基础课程(幼儿园小班&中班&大班，2-5岁)
The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) sets standards for the learning, development and care of your child from 2to 5 years old.
幼儿教育基础课程为从2岁到5岁的孩子设定学习、发展和照护的标准。
EYFS has seven areas of learning and development:
幼儿教育基础课程(EYFS)共分为七个学习和发展领域:
- 1、Communication & Language Development 交流与语言发展
The development of children’s spoken language underpins all seven areas of learning and development. Children’s back-and-forth interactions from an early age form the foundations for language and cognitive development. The number and quality of the conversations they have with adults and peers throughout the day in a language-rich environment is crucial. By commenting on what children are interested in or doing, and echoing back what they say with new vocabulary added, practitioners will build children's language effectively. Reading frequently to children, and engaging them actively in stories, non-fiction, rhymes and poems, and then providing them with extensive opportunities to use and embed new words in a range of contexts, will give children the opportunity to thrive. Through conversation, story-telling and role play, where children share their ideas with support and modelling from their teacher, and sensitive questioning that invites them to elaborate, children become comfortable using a rich range of vocabulary and language structures.
儿童口语的发展是学习和发展所有七个领域的基础。 儿童从小的来回互动构成了语言和认知发展的基础。 在语言丰富的环境中，他们全天与成年人和同龄人进行的对话的数量和质量至关重要。 通过评论孩子们感兴趣的事情或做的事情，并用添加的新词汇回应他们所说的话，老师将有效地建立孩子的语言。 经常给孩子们读书，让他们积极参与故事、非小说类作品、童谣和诗歌，然后为他们提供广泛的机会，让他们在各种语境中使用和嵌入新词，这将使孩子们有机会茁壮成长。 通过对话、讲故事和角色扮演，孩子们在老师的支持和示范下分享他们的想法，以及邀请他们详细阐述的问题，孩子们可以轻松地使用丰富的词汇和语言结构。
- 2、Physical Development 体格发展
Physical activity is vital in children’s all-round development, enabling them to pursue happy, healthy and active lives7. Gross and fine motor experiences develop incrementally throughout early childhood, starting with sensory explorations and the development of a child’s strength, co-ordination and
positional awareness through tummy time, crawling and play movement with both objects and adults. By creating games and providing opportunities for play both indoors and outdoors, adults can support children to develop their core strength, stability, balance, spatial awareness, co-ordination and agility. Gross motor skills provide the foundation for developing healthy bodies and social and emotional well-being. Fine motor control and precision helps with hand-eye co-ordination, which is later linked to early literacy. Repeated and varied opportunities to explore and play with small world activities, puzzles, arts and crafts and the practice of using small tools, with feedback and support from adults, allow children to develop proficiency, control and confidence.
体育活动对儿童的全面发展至关重要，使他们能够追求快乐、健康和积极的生活7。 粗大和精细的运动体验在整个幼儿期逐渐发展，从感官探索开始，通过趴着时间、爬行和与物体和成人玩耍运动来培养孩子的力量、协调性和位置意识。 通过创造游戏并提供室内外游戏机会，成人可以支持儿童发展核心力量、稳定性、平衡性、空间意识、协调性和敏捷性。 粗大运动技能为发展健康的身体以及社交和情感健康奠定了基础。 精细的运动控制和精确度有助于手眼协调，这与早期识字有关。 在成人的反馈和支持下，反复探索和玩小世界活动、拼图、艺术和手工艺以及使用小工具的练习，可以让孩子们发展熟练程度、控制力和信心。
- 3、Personal, Social and Emotional Development 个人、社会和情感发展
Children's personal, social and emotional development (PSED) is crucial for children to lead healthy and happy lives, and is fundamental to their cognitive development. Underpinning their personal development are the important attachments that shape their social world. Strong, warm and supportive relationships with adults enable children to learn how to understand their own feelings and those of others. Children should be supported to manage emotions, develop a positive sense of self, set themselves simple goals, have confidence in their own abilities, to persist and wait for what they want and direct attention as necessary. Through adult modelling and guidance, they will learn how to look after their bodies, including healthy eating, and manage personal needs independently.
Through supported interaction with other children, they learn how to make good friendships, co-operate and resolve conflicts peaceably. These attributes will provide a secure platform from which children can achieve at school and in later life
儿童的个人、社会和情感发展 (PSED) 对于儿童过上健康快乐的生活至关重要，并且是他们认知发展的基础。 支撑他们个人发展的是塑造他们社交世界的重要依据。 与成人建立牢固、温暖和支持性的关系使儿童能够学习如何理解自己和他人的感受。 应支持儿童管理情绪，培养积极的自我意识，为自己设定简单的目标，对自己的能力有信心，坚持并等待他们想要的，并在必要时引起注意。 通过成人示范和指导，他们将学习如何照顾自己的身体，包括健康饮食，以及独立管理个人需求。
通过与其他孩子的支持性互动，他们学习如何建立良好的友谊、合作以及和平解决冲突。 这些属性将提供一个安全的平台，孩子们可以从中在学校和以后的生活中取得成功。
- 4、Literacy 读写能力
It is crucial for children to develop a life-long love of reading. Reading consists of two dimensions: language comprehension and word reading. Language comprehension (necessary for both reading and writing) starts from birth. It only develops when adults talk with children about the world around them and the books (stories and non-fiction) they read with them, and enjoy rhymes, poems and songs together. Skilled word reading, taught later, involves both the speedy working out of the pronunciation of unfamiliar printed words (decoding) and the speedy recognition of familiar printed words. Writing involves transcription (spelling and handwriting) and composition (articulating ideas and structuring them in speech, before writing).
培养孩子终生对阅读的热爱至关重要。 阅读包括两个维度：语言理解和单词阅读。 语言理解力（阅读和写作都需要）从出生开始。 只有当成年人与孩子谈论他们周围的世界和他们一起阅读的书籍（故事和非小说），并一起享受童谣、诗歌和歌曲时，它才会发展。 稍后教授的熟练单词阅读包括快速处理不熟悉的印刷单词的发音（解码）和快速识别熟悉的印刷单词。 写作涉及转录（拼写和手写）和写作（在写作之前在演讲中表达想法并组织想法）。
- 5、Mathematics 数学
Developing a strong grounding in number is essential so that all children develop the necessary building blocks to excel mathematically. Children should be able to count confidently, develop a deep understanding of the numbers to 10, the relationships between them and the patterns within those numbers. By providing frequent and varied opportunities to build and apply this understanding - such as using manipulatives, including small pebbles and tens frames for organising counting - children will develop a secure base of knowledge and vocabulary from which mastery of mathematics is built. In addition, it is important that the curriculum includes rich opportunities for children to develop their spatial reasoning skills across all areas of mathematics including shape, space and measures. It is important that children develop positive attitudes and interests in mathematics, look for patterns and relationships, spot connections, 'have a go', talk to adults and peers about what they notice and not be afraid to make mistakes.
打下扎实的数字基础至关重要，这样所有的孩子都能培养出在数学上出类拔萃的必要基础。 孩子们应该能够自信地数数，深入理解 10 以内的数字、数字之间的关系以及这些数字中的规律。 通过提供频繁和多样的机会来建立和应用这种理解——例如使用包括小鹅卵石和十个框架在内的操纵器来组织计数，孩子们将建立一个安全的知识和词汇基础，从而掌握数学。 此外，重要的是，课程应为儿童提供丰富的机会，让他们在数学的所有领域（包括形状、空间和度量）发展空间推理技能。重要的是，孩子们要培养积极的数学态度和兴趣，寻找模式和关系，找到联系，“试一下”，与大人和同龄人谈论他们注意到的事情，不要害怕犯错。
- 6、Understanding the World 了解世界
Understanding the world involves guiding children to make sense of their physical world and their community. The frequency and range of children's personal experiences increases their knowledge and sense of the world around them–from visiting parks, libraries and museums to meeting important members of society such as police officers, nurses and firefighters. In addition, listening to a broad selection of stories, non-fiction, rhymes and poems will foster their understanding of our culturally, socially, technologically and ecologically diverse world. As well as building important knowledge, this extends their familiarity with words that support understanding across domains. Enriching and widening children's vocabulary will support later reading comprehension.
理解世界包括引导孩子理解他们的物质世界和他们的社区。 儿童个人经历的频率和范围增加了他们对周围世界的知识和感觉——从参观公园、图书馆和博物馆到会见重要的社会成员，如警察、护士和消防员。 此外，聆听广泛的故事、非小说类作品、童谣和诗歌将促进他们对我们的文化、社会、技术和生态多样化世界的理解。 除了建立重要的知识外，这还扩展了他们对支持跨领域理解的单词的熟悉程度。 丰富和扩大孩子的词汇量将支持以后的阅读理解。
- 7、Expressive Arts & Design 艺术表达与设计
The development of children’s artistic and cultural awareness supports their imagination and creativity. It is important that children have regular opportunities to engage with the arts, enabling them to explore and play with a wide range of media and materials. The quality and variety of what children see, hear and participate in is crucial for developing their understanding, self-expression, vocabulary and ability to communicate through the arts. The frequency, repetition and depth of their experiences are fundamental to their progress in interpreting and appreciating what they hear, respond to and observe.
儿童艺术和文化意识的发展支持他们的想象力和创造力。 重要的是，孩子们要经常有机会接触艺术，使他们能够探索和玩各种媒体和材料。 儿童所见、所闻和参与的质量和多样性对于发展他们的理解力、自我表达能力、词汇量和通过艺术进行交流的能力至关重要。 他们经历的频率、重复性和深度是他们在解释和欣赏他们所听到、回应和观察到的事物方面取得进步的基础。
